COMPOSITE RADIATIVE COOLING FILM, COMPOSITE RADIATIVE COOLING FILM SET AND APPLICATION OF THE SAME

专利摘要:
the present disclosure provides a composite radiative cooling film that includes a top layer and a reflective layer disposed below the top layer. a top layer material includes at least one polymer that has an emissivity greater than or equal to 80% in a wavelength range from 7 µm to 14 µm. the top layer includes a first emissive layer adjacent to the reflective layer and a second emissive layer away from the reflective layer. a material of the first emissive layer includes a first polymer. the first emissive layer additionally includes a plurality of first pores. the plurality of first pores is distributed in the first emissive layer. a second emissive layer material includes a second polymer and the second emissive layer additionally includes a plurality of second pores. the plurality of second pores is distributed in the second emissive layer. a pore size of the plurality of first pores is in a range of 1 µm to 20 µm and a pore size of the plurality of second pores is in a range of 1 nm to 200 nm. the present disclosure additionally provides a composite film set that includes the composite radiative cooling film and its application. in the present disclosure, the emissivity of the top layer in a range of wavelengths from 7 µm to 14 µm can be greatly enhanced through a combination of the plurality of first pores and the plurality of second pores, so that the effect of radiative cooling of the composite radiative cooling film can be improved.
公开号:BR102020005881A2
申请号:R102020005881-9
申请日:2020-03-24
公开日:2020-12-08
发明作者:Shaoyu Xu
申请人:Ningbo Radi-Cool Advanced Energy Technologies Co., Ltd.；Ningbo Ruiling Advanced Energy Materials Institute Co., Ltd.；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

[0001] [001] This application claims all the benefits arising from Patent Application No. CN 201910468709.7, filed on May 31, 2019, with the National Intellectual Property Administration of China, the content of which is incorporated into this document as a reference. TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] [002] The present disclosure relates to the field of radiative cooling technique and, in particular, to a composite radiative cooling film, a set of composite radiative cooling film and application thereof. FUNDAMENTALS
[0003] [003] The radiative cooling technology related as a means of temperature regulation without energy consumption can be practical, which will allow the development of both environmental protection and energy use harmoniously and will bring about major changes in the energy field.
[0004] [004] When the temperature of objects is above absolute zero or -273.15 ° C (0 Kelvin), electromagnetic radiation will be generated from the objects. The radiation wavelength varies with materials, molecular structures and temperature of objects. From the nature of radiation, when atoms or groups of the molecular structure jump from a state of high energy vibration to a state of low energy vibration, an infrared radiation in the wavelength range of 2.5 μm to 25 μm can be generated. Electromagnetic waves of different wavelengths can have different transmittances in the atmosphere as shown from analyzes of transmission characteristics of the atmospheric spectrum by scientists. Electromagnetic waves with higher transmittance can be related as an atmospheric window, for example, in a range of wavelengths from 0.3 μm to 2.5 μm, in a range of wavelengths from 3.2 μm to 4, 8 μm, in a wavelength range from 7 μm to 14 μm. The spectral transmission characteristics of the atmosphere are mainly determined by water vapor, carbon dioxide and ozone in the atmosphere. Changes in the amount of water vapor, carbon dioxide and ozone in the atmosphere will cause the transmittance to change accordingly, but the distribution of the transmission spectrum will not change much. Therefore, the thermal energy of objects on the earth's surface can be released through radiation and thermal energy can be discharged into the outer space through the atmospheric window in the form of electromagnetic waves ranging from 7 μm to 14 μm, achieving the purpose of self-cooling. .
[0005] [005] In the prior art, radiative cooling systems achieve passive cooling through polymers with higher emissivity. However, by relying only on polymers for passive cooling, the cooling effect of the radiative cooling system is weak. Therefore, the cooling effect of the radiative cooling system needs to be further enhanced. SUMMARY
[0006] [006] The present disclosure is to provide a composite radiative cooling film with great radiative cooling property, a composite radiative cooling film assembly and application thereof.
[0007] [007] The present disclosure provides a composite radiative cooling film that includes a top layer and a reflective layer disposed below the top layer. A top layer material can include at least one polymer and the at least one polymer can have an emissivity that is greater than or equal to 80% over a wavelength range from 7 μm to 14 μm.
[0008] [008] The top layer may include a first emissive layer adjacent to the reflective layer and a second emissive layer distant from the reflective layer. A material of the first emissive layer may include a first polymer. The first emissive layer may additionally include a plurality of first pores. The plurality of first pores can be distributed in the first emissive layer. A second emissive layer material may include a second polymer and the second emissive layer may additionally include a plurality of second pores. The plurality of second pores can be distributed in the second emissive layer. A pore size of the plurality of first pores can be in a range of 1 μm to 20 μm and a pore size of the plurality of second pores can be in a range of 1 nm to 200 nm.
[0009] [009] In one embodiment, a fraction of volume of the plurality of first pores in the first emissive layer can be in a range of 1% to 20%, and a fraction of volume of the plurality of second pores in the second emissive layer can be in a range range from 1% to 20%.
[0010] [010] In one embodiment, the first emissive layer can additionally include a first additive, and the first additive can be incorporated in at least part of the plurality of first pores, and / or the second emissive layer can additionally include a second additive, and the second additive can be incorporated in at least part of the plurality of second pores.
[0011] [011] In one embodiment, a particle size of the first additive can be in the range of 1 μm to 20 μm.
[0012] [012] A particle size of the second additive can be in a range from 1 nm to 200 nm.
[0013] [013] In one modality, a volume fraction of the first additive in the first emissive layer can be in the range of 0% to 20%, and a fraction of volume of the second additive in the second emissive layer can be in the range of 0% to 20%.
[0014] [014] In one embodiment, the first additive and the second additive respectively can include an inorganic filler such as glass microspheres, ceramic microspheres, silicon oxide particles, silicon carbide particles, silicon nitride particles, particles of barium sulfate, calcium carbonate particles or a combination thereof.
[0015] [015] The first additive and the second additive, respectively, can include an organic filler such as a polymer containing functional CO group, a polymer containing functional C-Cl group, a polymer containing functional CF group, a polymer containing functional CN group, a polymer containing functional C-Si group, a polymer containing functional Si-O group or a combination thereof.
[0016] [016] In one embodiment, the organic filler can be polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polybetylene naphthalate (PEN), polycarbonate (PC), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA ), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), teflon (PTFE), fluorinated ethylene prolipene (FEP), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polyurethane (PU) or a combination thereof. In one embodiment, the first polymer can be poly-4-methyl-pentene (TPX), poly-4-methyl-1-pentene (PMP), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS) or a combination of them, and the second polymer can be acrylic resin, polyurethane resin, fluorine resin or a combination thereof.
[0017] [017] In one embodiment, the first additive and the second additive can respectively include an organic filler such as poly-4-methyl-pentene, poly-4-methyl-1-pentene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene or a combination of themselves.
[0018] [018] In one embodiment, the first polymer can be a polymer containing functional CO group, a polymer containing functional C-Cl group, a polymer containing functional CF group, a polymer containing functional CN group, a polymer containing functional C-Si group, a polymer containing functional Si-O group or a combination thereof.
[0019] [019] In one embodiment, the first polymer can include polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polybetylene naphthalate (PEN), polycarbonate (PC), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA ), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), teflon (PTFE), fluorinated ethylene prolipene (FEP), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polyurethane (PU) or a combination thereof.
[0020] [020] In one embodiment, a plurality of convex portions or protuberances can be distributed on a lateral surface of the second emissive layer away from the first emissive layer.
[0021] [021] In one embodiment, a height of the plurality of convex portions can be in the range of 1 μm to 100 μm.
[0022] [022] In one embodiment, a thickness of the first emissive layer can be in a range of 10 μm to 300 μm, and a thickness of the second emissive layer can be in a range of 5 μm to 150 μm.
[0023] [023] In one embodiment, the reflective layer may include a reflective layer of metal, and a material of the reflective layer of metal may include gold, silver, aluminum, copper, zinc or a combination thereof.
[0024] [024] In one embodiment, the reflective metal layer may include a first reflective metal layer adjacent to the top layer and a second reflective metal layer away from the top layer. A material from the first reflective metal layer may be the same or different from that of the second reflective metal layer. A thickness of the first reflective metal layer can be in a range from 5 nm to 200 nm and a thickness of the second reflective metal layer can be in a range from 5 nm to 200 nm. In another embodiment, a thickness of the first reflective metal layer can be in a range from 5 nm to 150 nm and a thickness of the second reflective metal layer can be in a range from 5 nm to 150 nm.
[0025] [025] In one embodiment, the reflective metal layer may additionally include an intermediate layer disposed between the first reflective metal layer and the second reflective metal layer.
[0026] [026] In one embodiment, the reflective layer may include a reflective resin layer and the reflective resin layer may include a plurality of third pores.
[0027] [027] In one embodiment, a pore size of the plurality of third pores can be in the range of 0.2 μm to 20 μm.
[0028] [028] In one embodiment, the reflective resin layer can include a first reflective resin layer, a second reflective resin layer, and a third reflective resin layer that are sequentially arranged, and the plurality of third pores can be distributed in the second reflective resin layer.
[0029] [029] In one embodiment, a volume fraction of the plurality of third pores in the second reflective resin layer can be in the range of 2% to 30%.
[0030] [030] In one embodiment, a thickness of the reflective resin layer can be in the range of 25 μm to 300 μm.
[0031] [031] In one embodiment, a material from the reflective resin layer may include poly-4-methyl-pentene (TPX), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), butadiene acrylonitrile copolymer of styrene (ABS), polystyrene (PS), polypropylene (PP), polycarbonate (PC), or a combination thereof.
[0032] [032] In one embodiment, the reflective layer may include a reflective metal layer adjacent to the top layer and a reflective resin layer away from the top layer.
[0033] [033] The present disclosure additionally provides a set of composite radiative cooling film. The composite radiative cooling film assembly may be formed by the composite radiative cooling film and a substrate. The reflective layer of the composite radiative cooling film can be arranged on a surface of the substrate.
[0034] [034] In one embodiment, the substrate can be metal, plastic, rubber, asphalt, a waterproof material, concrete, cement, textile product, woven cloth, wood, ceramic tile, glass product, a synthetic material organic or a combination thereof.
[0035] [035] The present disclosure additionally provides a use of the composite radiative cooling film, which comprises: arranging the composite radiative cooling film in a heat dissipating body, and thermally communicating the composite radiative cooling film with the heat dissipating body. heat.
[0036] [036] Compared to the prior art, the present disclosure has the following advantages. The emissivity of the top layer in the 7 μm to 14 μm wavelength range can be greatly improved by combining the plurality of first pores and the plurality of second pores, so that the radiative cooling effect of the radiative cooling film composite can be improved. In detail, the plurality of pores with different pore sizes in the polymers can greatly enhance the passive cooling effect. On the one hand, the plurality of first pores formed in the first polymer and the plurality of second pores formed in the second polymer can have a high reverse heat dissipation to direct and diffuse sunlight. On the other hand, surface plasmon resonance can be generated between the surface of the plurality of first pores and the first polymer and between the surface of the plurality of second pores and the second polymer, and the generated surface plasmon resonance can be in a wavelength range from 7 μm to 14 μm of the atmospheric window. Therefore, a combination of the first emissive layer, the second emissive layer and the reflective layer can have a high reflectivity in the solar spectrum and a high emissivity in the thermal spectrum, and such a structure can reduce the temperature of a substrate, device, structure or object under the composite radiative cooling film to achieve the passive radiative cooling effect.
[0037] [037] The advantages of the present invention will be further illustrated in the following description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0038] [038] Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a composite radiative cooling film in a first embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0039] [039] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of another composite radiative cooling film in a second embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0040] [040] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of another composite radiative cooling film in a third embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0041] [041] Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of another composite radiative cooling film in a fourth embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0042] [042] Figure 5 is a graph showing temperature change over time in models A, B, and C in the present disclosure.
[0043] [043] Figure 6a is a schematic view of temperature measurement points H1 and I1 in the center of the water in the water tanks H and I.
[0044] [044] Figure 6b is a graph showing changes in temperature of the temperature measurement points H1 and I1 inside the water tank and changes in environmental or ambient temperature in one mode.
[0045] [045] In the drawings, 1 represents a top layer, 11 represents a first emissive layer, 12 represents a second emissive layer, 121 represents a convex portion, 2 represents a reflective layer, 21 represents a reflective metal layer, 211 represents a first reflective metal layer, 212 represents a second reflective metal layer, 213 represents an intermediate layer, 22 represents a reflective resin layer, 220 represents a third pore, 221 represents a first reflective resin layer, 222 represents a second reflective layer resin, and 223 represents a third reflective resin layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0046] [046] "Solar radiation" in the present disclosure mainly refers to electromagnetic radiation that has a wavelength of about 300 nm to about 2.5 nm.
[0047] [047] "Reflectivity" of a material or structure in the present disclosure is a fraction of any incident electromagnetic radiation reflected from a surface of the material or structure. A perfect reflector can be defined as having a reflectivity of 1 and a perfect absorber can be defined as having a reflectivity of zero. A high reflectivity in the present disclosure means that the material or structure has a reflectivity greater than about 80% within a prescribed wavelength range.
[0048] [048] "Emissivity" of a material or structure in the present disclosure is an ability to emit energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation. A perfect blackbody emitter can be defined as having an emissivity of 1 and a perfect non-emitter can be defined as having an emissivity of zero. A high emissivity in the present disclosure means that the material or structure has an emissivity greater than about 80% within a prescribed wavelength range.
[0049] [049] "Transmittance" of a material or structure in the present disclosure means an electromagnetic wave ratio transmitted through the material or structure within a prescribed wavelength range. An opaque material or structure can be defined as having a zero transmission. A high transmittance in the present disclosure means that the material or structure has a transmittance of more than about 80% within a prescribed wavelength range.
[0050] [050] The present disclosure provides a composite radiative cooling film in one embodiment. Referring to Figures 1 to 4, the composite radiative cooling film may include a top layer 1 and a reflective layer 2 disposed under the top layer 1. A top layer 1 material may include at least one polymer that has a emissivity equal to or greater than 80% in the wavelength range from 7 μm to 14 μm. The reflective layer 2 can have a high reflectivity for at least part of the solar radiation. The top layer 1 can include a first emissive layer 11 adjacent to the reflective layer 2 and a second emissive layer 12 away from the reflective layer 2. A material from the first emissive layer 11 can include a first polymer. The first polymer can additionally include a plurality of first pores. The plurality of first pores can be distributed in the first emissive layer. A material of the second emissive layer 12 can include a second polymer. The second polymer can additionally include a plurality of second pores. The plurality of second pores can be distributed in the second emissive layer. A pore size of the plurality of first pores can be in a range of 1 μm to 20 μm and a pore size of the plurality of second pores can be in a range of 1 μm to 200 μm.
[0051] [051] A cost-effective infrared phonon polarizing resonant polymer material and micro / nanoscale pores formed in a polymer layer can greatly enhance the passive cooling effect. The micro / nanoscale pores can regulate and intensify an infrared radiation spectrum by a size effect. On the one hand, the plurality of first pores formed in the first polymer and the plurality of second pores formed in the second polymer can have a high reverse heat dissipation to direct and diffuse sunlight. On the other hand, surface plasmon resonance can be generated between the surface of the plurality of first pores and the first polymer and between the surface of the plurality of second pores and the second polymer, and the generated surface plasmon resonance can be in a wavelength range from 7 μm to 14 μm of the atmospheric window. Due to both the first polymer and the second polymer, which have an emissivity of not less than 80% in the wavelength range of 7 μm to 14 μm and are configured to emit heat radiation associated with the generated surface plasmon resonance, the first polymer including the plurality of first pores and the second polymer including the plurality of second pores can have a high emissivity in the thermal spectrum, and such a structure can reduce the temperature of a substrate, device, structure or object under the film. composite radiative cooling to achieve the passive radiative cooling effect.
[0052] [052] The emissive layer can generate one or more Mie resonances that can penetrate the atmospheric window band (7 μm to 14 μm). Based on satisfactory heat absorption properties between the polymer and the pores, the first emissive layer and the second emissive layer can have high absorbency in the thermal spectrum. Therefore, the first emissive layer that includes pores and the second emissive layer that includes pores can be satisfactory emitters of thermal radiation, which can further enhance the emissivity of the top layer 1, so that the top layer 1 has excellent properties of radiative cooling.
[0053] [053] In addition, two types of pores with different pore sizes are layered, pores with different pore sizes have different radiative cooling properties, and the plurality of first pores with larger pore size are formed in the first polymer located on the inside. The plurality of second pores with smaller pore size are formed in the second polymer located on the outer side. Since the wavelength range of the atmospheric window is mainly in the range of 7 μm to 14 μm, with the first emissive layer including the plurality of first pores (which has a pore size of 1 μm to 20 μm) is formed on the inner side and plays a major role in atmospheric window emissivity, and the second emissive layer that includes the plurality of second pores (which has the pore size from 1 nm to 200 nm) is formed on the outer side to assist in intensifying the atmospheric window emissivity of the composite radiative cooling film. The local surface phonon generated by Mie dispersion can intensify infrared radiation. Specifically, Mie dispersion can occur when the pore size of the plurality of first pores in the first emissive layer or the plurality of second pores in the second emissive layer is comparable to the radiation wavelength. Such dispersion can be mainly caused by the plurality of first pores in the first emissive layer or the plurality of second pores in the second emissive layer. The dispersion intensity of Mie is inversely proportional to the square of the wavelength. Mie's dispersion directivity is more obvious and the dispersion is stronger in a direction in front of the light than in a direction behind the light.
[0054] [054] It should be mentioned that, in the various drawings in the present disclosure, the thickness of each layer is schematically illustrated, and does not mean that each layer must have the relative thickness shown in the Figure. The shape, pore size, density, and pore affinity in each layer are all schematically illustrated and the shape, pore size, density, and pore affinity are not limited to what is shown in the drawings.
[0055] [055] In some embodiments, a fraction of volume of the plurality of first pores in the first emissive layer 11 can be in a range of 1% to 20%, and a fraction of volume of the plurality of second pores in the second emissive layer 12 can be in a range of 1% to 20%.
[0056] [056] The volume fraction of the plurality of first pores in the first emissive layer 11 can be in a range of 1% to 10%, and the volume fraction of the plurality of second pores in the second emissive layer 12 can be in a range of 1% to 8%.
[0057] [057] In some embodiments, the first emissive layer 11 may additionally include a first additive dispersed in the first emissive layer 11 and at least partially incorporated in the plurality of first pores. The first additive can completely or partially fill the plurality of first pores. In other words, at least a part of the plurality of first pores in the first emissive layer 11 can accommodate the first additive, and the first additive can fill the plurality of first pores or may not fill the plurality of first pores.
[0058] [058] A particle size of the first additive can be in the range of 1 μm to 20 μm, and the first additive can be glass microspheres, ceramic microspheres, silicon oxide, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, barium, calcium carbonate or a combination thereof.
[0059] [059] In some embodiments, the second emissive layer 12 may additionally include a second additive dispersed in the second emissive layer 12 and at least partially incorporated in the plurality of second pores. The second additive can completely or partially fill the plurality of second pores. A particle size of the second additive can be in a range from 1 nm to 200 nm, and the second additive can be glass microspheres, ceramic microspheres, silicon oxide, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, barium sulfate, carbonate calcium or a combination thereof.
[0060] [060] It should be understood that the first additive and the second additive may include an organic filler, respectively, such as a polymer containing functional CO group, a polymer containing functional C-Cl group, a polymer containing functional CF group, a polymer containing functional CN group, polymer containing functional C-Si group, polymer containing functional Si-O group or a combination thereof.
[0061] [061] The organic filler can be polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polybetylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, polyvinyl chloride, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinylidene fluoride, teflon, fluorinated ethylene prolipene, a polydimethylsiloxane or a polydimethylsiloxane.
[0062] [062] In other embodiments, the organic filler can also be poly-4-methylpentene, poly-4-methyl-1-pentene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene or a combination thereof.
[0063] [063] The plurality of first pores and / or the plurality of second pores may be filled with other additives or may not be filled with other additives. When the plurality of first pores and / or the plurality of second pores is filled with an additive that has radiative cooling property, the additive particles can be incorporated in at least part of the plurality of first pores in the first polymer and / or at least at least a portion of the plurality of second pores in the second polymer, so that the additive can further enhance the emissivity of the top layer 1. When the plurality of first pores and the plurality of second pores is not filled with other additives, the plurality of first pores and the plurality of second pores alone in the polymer can have high reverse heat dissipation to direct and disperse sunlight. In addition, the surface plasmon resonance can be generated between the pore surface (of the plurality of first pores or the plurality of second pores) and the polymer (the first polymer or the second polymer). The generated surface plasmon resonance can be in a range of wavelengths from 7 μm to 14 μm from the atmospheric window. The plurality of first pores and the plurality of second pores can enhance the emissivity of the top layer 1. The top layer 1 can have a high transmittance for solar radiation, and at least part of the solar radiation that passes through the top layer 1 it can be reflected by the reflective layer 2, so that solar radiation reaching the other side of the reflective layer 2 can be reduced.
[0064] [064] In one embodiment, the plurality of first pores can be formed in the first emissive layer 11 of the top layer 1, and the plurality of first pores cannot be filled with any additives. The second emissive layer 12 can be formed with the plurality of second pores, and the second additive can be filled in at least part of the plurality of second pores.
[0065] [065] In another embodiment, the plurality of first pores can be formed in the first emissive layer 11 of the top layer 1, and the first additive can be filled in at least part of the plurality of first pores. The second emissive layer 12 can be formed with the plurality of second pores, and the plurality of second pores cannot be filled with any additives.
[0066] [066] In another embodiment, the plurality of first pores can be formed in the first emissive layer 11 of the top layer 1, and the first additive can be filled in at least a part of the plurality of first pores. The second emissive layer 12 can be formed with the plurality of second pores, and the second additive can be filled in at least part of the plurality of second pores.
[0067] [067] The above modalities are merely examples and do not limit the filling between pores and additives.
[0068] [068] It should be noted that when the additive is dispersed in the polymer, the polymer can form pores around the additive to accommodate the additive. The pores may be the same size as the additive, but it is also not excluded that, due to various factors, the size of a portion of the pores may be larger than the particle size of the additive. In addition, nano- or micro-scale additives can be difficult to disperse evenly when added. Some additive particles may still form small groups, that is, the additives filled in the pores may be in the form of small groups. In addition, after the additive is dispersed in the emissive layer, pores can be formed around the additive by a biaxial stretch, a solvent evaporation process, or the like.
[0069] [069] In detail, a biaxial stretch process can be as follows.
[0070] [070] The process may include: transportation of raw materials → drying → melting extrusion → casting → cooling → longitudinal stretching (→ transversal stretching) → traction → winding.
[0071] [071] In the biaxial stretching process, longitudinal and cross-sectional stretching can also be performed simultaneously in one step.
[0072] [072] Pore formation methods can be as follows.
[0073] [073] (1) Liquid carbon dioxide can be uniformly mixed into the polymer, and liquid carbon dioxide can be vaporized during heating to generate small pores, and pores of the desired size can be formed by stretching.
[0074] [074] (2) An organic or inorganic filler can be uniformly mixed into the polymer, and then pores can be formed around the organic or inorganic filler by stretching.
[0075] [075] A solvent evaporation process can take place as follows.
[0076] [076] The first polymer or the second polymer and water can be dissolved in an organic solvent (eg, acetone, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, or tetrahydrofuran) and coated on a surface of an object or a substrate. After evaporating the organic solvent, the first polymer or second polymer can be separated from water and micro and nano pores can be formed in the first polymer or the second polymer to form a first emissive layer or the second emissive layer.
[0077] [077] When the number of pores in the first emissive layer or in the second emissive layer formed by the polymer and the additive is less, methods of a single layer extrusion, multilayer coextrusion, formation of melt film, coating, or formation of Solution film can be used to increase the number of pores.
[0078] [078] A single-layer extrusion, multi-layer coextrusion, or fusion film formation can include: raw material transport → drying → fusion extrusion → casting → cooling → traction → winding.
[0079] [079] The fusion film forming method may include casting steps and film inflation. The film insufflation step may include an upper blowing air cooling process or a lower blowing water cooling process.
[0080] [080] A coating forming or solution forming process may include: unwinding → surface treatment → coating → drying → winding. The surface treatment is mainly configured to remove dust and corona to maintain substrate cleanliness and improve adhesion. The coating can be a mixture of polymer and additive that is coated on a surface of any object.
[0081] [081] In the present disclosure, the first additive that has a larger particle size and the second additive that has a smaller particle size are dispersed in different layers. The first additive is dispersed in the first polymer on the inner side, and the second additive is dispersed in the second polymer on the outer side so that the passive cooling effect of the top layer 1 is greatly enhanced compared to the prior art. In addition, since the second additive in the second emissive layer 12 is nanoscale, the second emissive layer 12 may have a hydrophobic property to enhance a self-cleaning ability of the top layer 1.
[0082] [082] A material from the first polymer can be the same or different from that of the second polymer. A material from the first additive may be the same or different from that of the second additive. The plurality of first pores and the plurality of second pores can be on the same layer of the polymer, and the first additive and the second additive can also be on the same layer as the polymer. A material of the first polymer and a material of the second polymer can be in the same polymer or a combination of a plurality of polymers. The first additive or the second additive can be the same additive or a combination of a plurality of additives.
[0083] [083] In one embodiment, the first polymer can be poly-4-methyl-pentene, poly-4-methyl-1-pentene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene or a combination thereof. The second polymer is acrylic resin, polyurethane resin, fluorine resin or a combination thereof. Since the second polymer has a great weather resistance property, the weather resistance of the second emissive layer 12 can have a great weather resistance property.
[0084] [084] In one embodiment, the first polymer can be a polymer containing functional CO group, a polymer containing functional C-Cl group, a polymer containing functional CF group, a polymer containing functional CN group, a polymer containing functional C-Si group, a polymer containing functional Si-O group or a combination thereof. The first polymer can be polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polybetylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, polyvinyl chloride, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinylidene fluoride, teflon, fluorinated ethylene prolipene, polydimethylsiloxane or a polyurethane combination.
[0085] [085] Radiative cooling to external space during the day can be referred to as passive radiative cooling, in which most of the sunlight (wavelength range from 300 nm to 2,500 nm) can be reflected and heat can be transported to external space through the transparent atmospheric window in the form of infrared radiation. Radiative cooling films and polymer coatings can have advantages of large-scale production, low cost, and suitability for large systems. However, there are some studies on the nature of thermal emission of polymers and how to effectively select polymers for radiative cooling. Therefore, understanding the relationship between polymer functional groups and infrared thermal emissivity and solar absorbency allows to select effectively polymers suitable for daytime radiative cooling.
[0086] [086] It will be understood that the vibration of the functional groups can affect infrared absorption and polymer emission. Different functional groups, such as O-H, C = O, C-Cl, have specific vibrational frequencies / wavelengths that can vary slightly depending on the polymer with the functional groups. In addition, functional groups can have various forms of vibration such as stretch vibration and flexion vibration, and various vibration frequencies. Therefore, a polymer that has a plurality of functional groups can have different vibration frequencies.
[0087] [087] Generally speaking, vibrational forms of functional groups in polymers may include stretch vibration, plane flexion vibration, out-of-plane flexion vibration and deformation vibration. The stretch vibration can include symmetric stretch vibration and asymmetric stretch vibration. Plane bending vibration can include shear vibration and plane swing. Out-of-plane bending vibration may include out-of-plane swing and torsional vibration. Deformation vibration can include symmetric deformation vibration and antisymmetric deformation vibration. The various functional groups together with their various vibrational forms will result in a large number of infrared absorption / emission peaks in the polymer.
[0088] [088] The vibration regions and corresponding functional groups are listed in Table 1. Vibration modes over a wide range of wave numbers (4,000 cm-1 - 400 cm-1) or wavelengths (2.5 μm - 25 μm) can be divided into several regions. At the longest wavelength end (4,000 cm1 to 2,500 cm-1) / wavelength end (2.5 μm to 4 μm) is the stretch vibration region of the XH functional group (where X can represent C , O, N, etc.). The CH, OH and NH groups, etc. they can be responsible for the emission and absorption and the high frequency of stretching vibration is due to the small mass and volume of these functional groups. Following the stretch region XH, there is a triple bonded region (2,500 cm-1 to 2,000 cm-1 /2.5 μm to 4 μm) of functional groups of C≡C and C≡N, which have relatively strong absorbency due to their large force constants despite weak stretching vibration. In the range of average wave numbers (2,000 cm-1 to 1,500 cm-1) / range of wavelengths (4 μm to 6.7 μm), double bonded functional groups such as C = C and C = O may have greater absorbency due to stretching vibration. A fingerprint region (also referred to as a filled region) is located farther away and its wavelength / wavelength range number is 1,500 cm-1 to 600 cm-1 / 6.7 μm to 16.7 μm. In the fingerprint region, many functional groups can have strong absorption due to bending vibration, including CY groups (where Y represents a halogen element such as F, Cl, and Br), group CO, group CN, group C- Si, and Si-O group. At the far end of the infrared spectrum is a region of skeletal vibration in which vibrations of heavy atoms and molecules are configured for infrared absorption and emission. Since the full region corresponding to the 6.7 μm to 16.7 μm electromagnetic spectrum covers the entire atmospheric window, most of the 7 μm to 14 μm infrared emission from a large amount of polymer can be directly transported into space without being absorbed by the atmosphere. Then, polymers that include the functional groups of CO, C-Cl, CF, CN, C-Si, and Si-O in the fingerprint region can be used for radiative cooling during the day. Additionally, to further select the polymer, a solar absorption rate, a possibility of mass production, physical and chemical stability, durability, and application objectives need to be considered.
[0089] [089] Based on the relationship between the polymer functional groups and infrared thermal emissivity and between the polymer functional groups and solar absorbance, and the overlap of the atmospheric window (7 μm to 14 μm) and infrared spectrum of the functional groups in the fingerprint region, polymers that have specific functional groups are selected to achieve the radiative cooling effect below room temperature during the daytime in the present disclosure. If another solar reflective layer with high reflectivity can be placed on a rear surface of the composite radiative cooling film made from these polymers, the radiative cooling effect will be much better.
[0090] [090] It can be understood that, in some modalities, a satisfactory radiative cooling effect can be achieved only by the polymers and the reflective layer.
[0091] [091] Referring to Figure 2, in some embodiments, a plurality of convex portions 121 can be distributed on an external surface of the second emissive layer 12. The plurality of convex portions 121 can be a plurality of microconvex ribs arranged in parallel or one plurality of microconvex points arranged in an arrangement. The plurality of convex portions 121 substantially covers the entire outer surface of the second emissive layer 12. A height of the plurality of convex portions 121 can be in the range of 1 μm to 100 μm. Preferably, the height of the plurality of convex portions 121 can be in the range of 10 μm to 100 μm. Most preferably, the height of the plurality of convex portions 121 can be in a range of 50 μm to 100 μm. The plurality of convex portions 121 can enhance the emission property of the second emissive layer 12. A cross-section of the plurality of convex portions 121 can be in the shape of a triangle, trapezoid, semicircle, other irregular shape, or the like. The plurality of convex portions 121 in the drawings of the present disclosure is schematically illustrated, which does not mean that the plurality of convex portion 121 has only the shape, size, and the like as shown in the drawings.
[0092] [092] The plurality of convex portions 121 on the outer surface of the second emissive layer 12 can be formed by methods of carving, printing, painting, or the like, which is not limited in the present disclosure. The plurality of convex portion 121 can effectively reflect visible light and near infrared light from different incident angles. Specifically, when an incident angle of an incident light is in a range of 30 ° to 60 °, the composite radiative cooling film can reflect substantially all of the incident lights. Due to the plurality of convex portion 121, the second emissive layer 12 can have a high emissivity and can radiate electromagnetic waves from 7 μm to 14 μm to the outside for heat dissipation. That is, the emissivity of the outer surface of the second emissive layer 12 can be close to that of the perfect blackbody.
[0093] [093] In some embodiments, a thickness of the first emissive layer 11 can be in a range of 10 μm to 300 μm, and a thickness of the second emissive layer 12 can be in a range of 5 μm to 150 μm.
[0094] [094] In some embodiments, with reference to Figures 3 and 4, the reflective layer 2 may include a reflective layer of metal 21. The reflective layer of metal 21 may or may not be limited to a metal such as gold, silver, aluminum, copper, zinc, and so on, or a combination alloy thereof. The reflective metal layer 21 can be primarily configured to reflect ultraviolet light, visible light, and near infrared light.
[0095] [095] The reflective metal layer 21 can be a single layer structure or a multilayer structure. In one embodiment, the reflective metal layer 21 may include a first reflective metal layer 211 adjacent to the top layer 1 and a second reflective metal layer 212 away from the top layer 1. The first reflective metal layer 211 is primarily configured to reflect ultraviolet, visible, and near infrared light, and the second reflective layer of metal 212 is primarily configured to intensify the reflection of visible, ultraviolet, and near infrared light. The first reflective layer of metal 211 can be a reflective layer of silver and the second reflective layer of metal 212 can be an aluminum reflective layer. A thickness of the first reflective layer of metal 211 can be in a range of 5 nm to 200 nm and a thickness of the second reflective layer of metal 212 can be in a range of 5 nm to 200 nm.
[0096] [096] In some embodiments, an intermediate layer 213 can be additionally disposed between the first reflective metal layer 211 and the second reflective metal layer 212. Intermediate layer 213 can be configured to connect the first reflective metal layer 211 with the second reflective layer of metal 212 and avoid the electrodynamic corrosion caused by directly locating a layer of metal on another layer of metal. A material of the intermediate layer 213 can be a polymer adhesive, such as acrylate glue or polyurethane glue, or it can be a ceramic material, such as SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, ZnO, Si3N4, Ti3N4, ZnS, MgF2 or CaF2 . When the material of the intermediate layer 213 is a polymer adhesive, its thickness can be in the range of 1 μm to 100 μm. When the intermediate layer 213 is a ceramic material, its thickness can be in the range of 5 nm to 200 nm.
[0097] [097] In some embodiments, the reflective layer 2 may include a reflective layer of resin 22 that has a plurality of third pores 220. A volume fraction of the plurality of third pores 220 in the reflective layer of resin 22 may be in a range of 2% to 30%. The volume fraction of the plurality of third pores 220 in the reflective resin layer 22 can be in a range of 5% to 15%. The volume fraction of the plurality of third pores 220 in the reflective resin layer 22 can also be in the range of 8% to 10%. The plurality of third pores 220 can refract and disperse the light entering the reflective resin layer 22, thereby increasing the reflectivity of the reflective resin layer 22 and enhancing the reflectivity of the reflective layer 2. A color of the reflective resin layer 22 can be light such as white or transparent.
[0098] [098] In some embodiments, a pore size of the plurality of third pores can be in the range of 0.2 μm to 20 μm.
[0099] [099] It should be noted that the shape, size and the like of the plurality of third pores 220 in Figures 4 and 5 are schematically illustrated, and this does not mean that the pore 220 of the present disclosure needs to have the shape and size shown in the Figure. The distribution of the plurality of third pores 220 in the reflective resin layer 22 is also not limited to that shown in the drawing.
[0100] [0100] The reflective resin layer 22 can be poly-4-methyl-pentene (TPX), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS), polystyrene (PS), polypropylene (PP) or polycarbonate (PC). A thickness of the reflective resin layer 22 can be in a range of 25 μm to 300 μm. Preferably, the thickness of the reflective resin layer 22 can be in the range of 50 μm to 150 μm.
[0101] [0101] The reflective resin layer 22 can be a single layer structure or a multilayer structure. Referring to Figure 4, the reflective resin layer 22 may preferably include a first reflective layer of resin 221, a second reflective layer of resin 222, and a third reflective layer of resin 223 which are sequentially arranged. The plurality of third pores 220 can be formed in the second reflective resin layer 222.
[0102] [0102] In some embodiments, a thickness of the first reflective resin layer and a thickness of the third reflective resin layer can be in a range of 1 μm to 50 μm, and a thickness of the second reflective resin layer can be in a range from 20 μm to 300 μm.
[0103] [0103] In some embodiments, the volume fraction of the plurality of third pores in the second 222 reflective resin layer can be in the range of 2% to 30%.
[0104] [0104] It should be mentioned that the plurality of third pores 220 in the reflective resin layer 22 can be formed by the biaxial stretching method. If the reflective resin layer 22 is a single layer structure, it will be easy to break during biaxial stretching. In addition, due to the plurality of third pores, a surface of the second reflective resin layer 222 may not be flattened. If the reflective metal layer is directly disposed on the second reflective resin layer 222, the flatness of the reflective metal layer can be affected, so the reflectivity of the reflective metal layer can be reduced. The first reflective layer of resin 221 and the third reflective layer of resin 223 disposed on both sides of the second reflective layer of resin 222 can be acted as a backing layer, which can improve the stability of the reflective layer of resin 22 during preparation, reduce the possibility of film breakage, and can also be used as a substrate of the reflective metal layer to ensure flattening of the reflective metal layer.
[0105] [0105] In some embodiments, the reflective layer 2 can include both the reflective layer of metal 21 and the reflective layer of resin 22. The reflective layer of resin 22 can be arranged on one side of the reflective layer of metal 21 away from the layer of top 1. The structures of the reflective metal layer 21 and the reflective resin layer 22 are substantially the same as described above and are not described in this document.
[0106] [0106] The present disclosure additionally provides a set of composite radiative cooling film in another embodiment. The composite radiative cooling film assembly may be formed by the composite radiative cooling film and a substrate. The reflective layer of the composite radiative cooling film can be arranged on a surface of the substrate.
[0107] [0107] Preferably, the substrate can be selected from metal, plastic, rubber, asphalt, a waterproof material, concrete, cement, textile product, woven cloth, wood, ceramic tile, glass product, a synthetic material organic or a combination thereof.
[0108] [0108] However, it should be understood that the substrate material is not exhaustive, and the composite radiative cooling film assembly can be formed by the composite radiative cooling film and other materials.
[0109] [0109] The present disclosure additionally provides a use of the composite radiative cooling film in another embodiment. The use of the composite radiative cooling film may include arranging the composite radiative cooling film in a heat dissipating body and thermally communicating the composite radiative cooling film with the heat dissipating body.
[0110] [0110] By communicating thermally with the heat dissipating body surface, the heat from the heat dissipating body can be emitted through the atmospheric window in the form of infrared radiation, which can effectively reduce the body temperature heat dissipation without any additional energy. The composite radiative cooling film can be mainly applied to the external surface of the heat dissipating body if necessary and have wide applications, such as construction, photovoltaic modules and systems, automobiles, outdoor products, agriculture and livestock, aerospace, cold chain transport, external cabinets, textile industry, external communication equipment, industrial equipment (such as external power distribution cabinets), services (for example, street lamps and radiators, toilet ceiling and walls, stadium floors) , water cooling systems, power systems (for example, air conditioning / cooling / heating systems), energy saving equipment, and equipment and installations that require extreme cooling or heat dissipation from outdoors, etc. The composite radiative cooling film can also be used to improve the efficiency of solar cells, conventional power plants, or even water treatment.
[0111] [0111] Hereinafter, the composite radiative cooling film, the composite radiative cooling film assembly and the application thereof in the present disclosure will also be described by a plurality of modalities. TEST METHOD
[0112] [0112] The samples obtained by the comparative modalities and modalities were tested. The reflectivity in the ultraviolet, visible and near infrared wavelength range from 300 nm to 2,500 nm of the samples was measured. The samples were placed on a Perkin Elmer Spectrometer, Lambda 950 UV / Vis / NIR, and had reflectivity measured in the wavelength range from 300 nm to 2,500 nm. The range was 1 nm and the average reflectivity value of the samples in the wavelength range from 300 nm to 2,500 nm was taken as an R reflectivity of the ultraviolet, visible and near infrared wavelength range of the samples, which was, the solar reflectivity R of the film in the wavelength range from 300 nm to 2,500 nm.
[0113] [0113] Measurement of Infrared Emissivity And it was as follows. An emissivity of infrared E in a wavelength range from 7 μm to 14 μm was measured using a SOC100 Hemispheric Directional Reflectometer. MODE 1
[0114] [0114] A composite radiative cooling film includes a second emissive layer, a first emissive layer, and a reflective metal layer from top to bottom.
[0115] [0115] A thickness of the second emissive layer is about 20 μm. The second emissive layer includes a PVDF polymer and a plurality of second pores dispersed in the PVDF polymer. An average pore size of the plurality of second pores is about 20 nm. A volume fraction of the plurality of second pores in the second emissive layer is about 3%.
[0116] [0116] A thickness of the first emissive layer is about 50 μm. The first emissive layer includes a TPX polymer and a plurality of first pores. An average pore size of the plurality of first pores is about 5 μm. A volume fraction of the plurality of first pores in the first emissive layer is about 15%.
[0117] [0117] A thickness of the reflective metal layer is about 100 nm. The reflective metal layer is a silver layer located on the first emissive layer.
[0118] [0118] After the test, the solar reflectivity R over a wavelength range of 300 nm to 2,500 nm of the composite radiative cooling film was about 92.18% and the infrared emissivity E over a wavelength range from 7 μm to 14 μm of the composite radiative cooling film was about 93.38%. MODE 2
[0119] [0119] A composite radiative cooling film includes a second emissive layer, a first emissive layer, and a reflective metal layer from top to bottom.
[0120] [0120] A thickness of the second emissive layer is about 50 μm. The second emissive layer includes a PVDF polymer, a plurality of second pores dispersed in the PVDF polymer, and SiO2 particles. An average pore size of the plurality of second pores is about 200 nm. A volume fraction of the plurality of second pores in the second emissive layer is about 20%. An average particle size of the SiO2 particles is about 200 nm. A volume fraction of the SiO2 particles in the second emissive layer is about 20%. SiO2 particles of about 10% volume fraction are incorporated in the plurality of second pores.
[0121] [0121] A thickness of the first emissive layer is about 100 μm. The first emissive layer includes a PET polymer, a plurality of first pores dispersed in the PET polymer, and ceramic microspheres. An average pore size of the plurality of first pores is about 10 μm. A volume fraction of the plurality of first pores in the first emissive layer is about 20%. An average particle size of the ceramic microspheres is about 10 μm. A volume fraction of the ceramic microspheres in the first emissive layer is about 20%. Ceramic microspheres of about 8% volume fraction are incorporated into the plurality of first pores.
[0122] [0122] A thickness of the reflective metal layer is about 200 nm and the reflective metal layer is an aluminum layer located on the first emissive layer.
[0123] [0123] After the test, the solar reflectivity R in a wavelength range from 300 nm to 2,500 nm of the composite radiative cooling film was about 92.16% and the infrared emissivity in a wavelength range. from 7 μm to 14 μm of the composite radiative cooling film was about 94.36%. MODE 3
[0124] [0124] The composite radiative cooling film of modality 3 is substantially the same as that of modality 1, except that the outer surface of the second emissive layer has a plurality of convex portions. The plurality of convex portions is formed by roller engraving which has a plurality of microstructures on the surface. A height of the plurality of convex portions is about 1 μm.
[0125] [0125] After the test, the solar reflectivity R over a wavelength range of 300 nm to 2,500 nm of the composite radiative cooling film was about 92.71% and the infrared emissivity E over a wavelength range from 7 μm to 14 μm of the composite radiative cooling film was about 94.34%. MODE 4
[0126] [0126] The composite radiative cooling film of modality 4 is substantially the same as that of modality 1, except that the outer surface of the second emissive layer has a plurality of convex portions. The plurality of convex portions is formed by roller engraving which has a plurality of microstructures on the surface. A height of the plurality of convex portions is about 100 nm.
[0127] [0127] After the test, the solar reflectivity R over a wavelength range of 300 nm to 2,500 nm of the composite radiative cooling film was about 92.55% and the infrared emissivity E over a wavelength range of 7 μm to 14 μm of the composite radiative cooling film was about 93.62%. MODE 5
[0128] [0128] The composite radiative cooling film of modality 5 is substantially the same as that of modality 1, except that the average pore size of the plurality of second pores in the second emissive layer is about 250 nm and the average pore size of the plurality of first pores in the first emissive layer is about 20 μm.
[0129] [0129] After the test, the solar reflectivity R over a wavelength range of 300 nm to 2,500 nm of the composite radiative cooling film was about 92.65% and the infrared emissivity E over a wavelength range from 7 μm to 14 μm of the composite radiative cooling film was about 92.97%. MODE 6
[0130] [0130] The composite radiative cooling film of modality 6 is substantially the same as that of modality 1, except that the average pore size of the plurality of second pores in the second emissive layer is about 1 nm and the average pore size of the plurality of first pores in the first emissive layer is about 1 μm.
[0131] [0131] After the test, the solar reflectivity R in a range of wavelengths from 300 nm to 2,500 nm of the composite radiative cooling film was about 92.18% and the infrared emissivity E over a wavelength range from 7 μm to 14 μm of the composite radiative cooling film was about 92.47%. MODE 7
[0132] [0132] Modality 7 radiative composite cooling film is substantially the same as that of modality 2, except that the volume fraction of the plurality of first pores in the first emissive layer is about 2%, the ceramic microspheres about 2% volume fraction are incorporated in the plurality of first pores, the volume fraction of the SiO2 particles in the second emissive layer is about 20%, and the SiO2 particles of about 10% volume fraction are incorporated in the plurality of seconds pores.
[0133] [0133] After the test, the solar reflectivity R over a wavelength range of 300 nm to 2,500 nm of the composite radiative cooling film was about 92.25% and the infrared emissivity E over a wavelength range of 7 μm to 14 μm of the composite radiative cooling film was about 93.29%. MODE 8
[0134] [0134] A composite radiative cooling film includes a second emissive layer, a first emissive layer, a first reflective metal layer, an intermediate layer, and a second reflective metal layer from top to bottom.
[0135] [0135] A thickness of the second emissive layer is about 150 μm. The second emissive layer includes a PVDF polymer, a plurality of second pores dispersed in the PVDF polymer, and barium sulfate particles. An average pore size of the plurality of second pores is about 80 nm. A volume fraction of the plurality of second pores in the second emissive layer is about 6%. An average particle size of the barium sulfate particles is about 80 nm. A volume fraction of barium sulfate particles in the second emissive layer is about 6%. The barium sulfate particles of about 3% volume fraction are incorporated in the plurality of second pores.
[0136] [0136] A thickness of the first emissive layer is about 300 μm. The first emissive layer includes a TPX polymer, a plurality of first pores dispersed in the TPX polymer, and CaCO3 particles. An average pore size of the plurality of first pores is about 20 μm. A volume fraction of the plurality of first pores in the first emissive layer is about 15%. An average particle size of the CaCO3 particles is about 20 μm. A volume fraction of the CaCO3 particles in the first emissive layer is about 15%. CaCO3 particles of about 5% by volume are incorporated into the plurality of first pores.
[0137] [0137] A thickness of the first reflective metal layer is about 200 nm and the first reflective metal layer is a silver layer located on the first emissive layer.
[0138] [0138] An intermediate layer thickness is about 200 nm and an intermediate layer material is alumina ceramic.
[0139] [0139] A thickness of the second reflective metal layer is about 200 nm and the second reflective metal layer is a silver layer located in the middle layer.
[0140] [0140] After the test, the solar reflectivity R in a wavelength range from 300 nm to 2,500 nm of the composite radiative cooling film was about 95.29% and the infrared emissivity in a wavelength range. from 7 μm to 14 μm of the composite radiative cooling film was about 94.71%. MODE 9
[0141] [0141] A composite radiative cooling film includes a second emissive layer, a first emissive layer, a first reflective metal layer, an intermediate layer, a second reflective metal layer, and a reflective resin layer from top to bottom.
[0142] [0142] A thickness of the second emissive layer is about 5 μm. The second emissive layer includes a PMMA polymer, a plurality of second pores dispersed in the PMMA polymer, and SiO2 particles. An average pore size of the plurality of second pores is about 100 nm. A volume fraction of the plurality of second pores in the second emissive layer is about 14%. An average particle size of the SiO2 particles is about 100 nm. A volume fraction of the SiO2 particles in the second emissive layer is about 14%. SiO2 particles of about 7% by volume are incorporated in the plurality of second pores.
[0143] [0143] A thickness of the first emissive layer is about 10 μm. The first emissive layer includes a PEN polymer, a plurality of first pores dispersed in the PEN polymer, and Si3N4 particles. An average pore size of the plurality of first pores is about 12 μm. A volume fraction of the plurality of first pores in the first emissive layer is about 8%. An average particle size of Si3N4 particles is about 1 μm. A volume fraction of the Si3N4 particles in the first emissive layer is about 20%. Si3N4 particles of about 12% volume fraction are incorporated into the plurality of first pores.
[0144] [0144] A thickness of the reflective metal layer is about 5 nm and the first reflective metal layer is a silver film located on one side of the first emissive layer.
[0145] [0145] An intermediate layer thickness is about 100 μm and an intermediate layer material is acrylate glue.
[0146] [0146] A thickness of the second reflective metal layer is about 5 nm and the second reflective metal layer is an aluminum film located on one side of the reflective resin layer.
[0147] [0147] A thickness of the reflective resin layer is about 300 μm. The reflective resin layer is a white PC layer. A plurality of third pores is substantially uniformly distributed in the reflective resin layer. An average pore size of the plurality of third pores is about 20 μm. A volume fraction of the plurality of third pores in the reflective resin layer is about 30%.
[0148] [0148] After the test, the solar reflectivity R over a wavelength range of 300 nm to 2,500 nm of the composite radiative cooling film was about 95.18% and the infrared emissivity E over a wavelength range from 7 μm to 14 μm of the composite radiative cooling film was about 95.36%. MODE 10
[0149] [0149] A composite radiative cooling film includes a second emissive layer, a first emissive layer, a first reflective metal layer, an intermediate layer, a second reflective metal layer, and a reflective resin layer arranged from top to bottom.
[0150] [0150] A thickness of the second emissive layer is about 30 μm. The second emissive layer includes a polyurethane polymer, a plurality of second pores dispersed in the polyurethane polymer, and SiO2 particles. An average pore size of the plurality of second pores is about 100 nm. A volume fraction of the plurality of second pores in the second emissive layer is about 14%. An average particle size of the SiO2 particles is about 100 nm. A volume fraction of the SiO2 particles in the second emissive layer is about 14%. SiO2 particles of about 10% volume fraction are incorporated in the plurality of second pores.
[0151] [0151] A thickness of the first emissive layer is about 50 μm. The first emissive layer includes a PEN polymer, a plurality of first pores dispersed in the PEN polymer, and Si3N4 particles. An average pore size of the plurality of first pores is about 12 μm. A volume fraction of the plurality of first pores in the first emissive layer is about 8%. An average particle size of Si3N4 particles is about 12 μm. A volume fraction of the Si3N4 particles in the first emissive layer is about 20%. Si3N4 particles of about 5% volume fraction are incorporated into the plurality of first pores.
[0152] [0152] A thickness of the reflective metal layer is about 20 nm and the first reflective metal layer is a silver film located on one side of the first emissive layer.
[0153] [0153] An intermediate layer thickness is about 1 μm and an intermediate layer material is acrylate glue.
[0154] [0154] A thickness of the second reflective metal layer is about 200 nm and the second reflective metal layer is an aluminum film located on one side of the reflective resin layer.
[0155] [0155] A thickness of the reflective resin layer is about 25 μm. The reflective resin layer is a white PC layer. The reflective resin layer includes a first reflective resin layer, a second reflective resin layer, and a third reflective resin layer, which are sequentially arranged. The second reflective resin layer includes a plurality of third pores. An average pore size of the plurality of third pores is about 0.2 μm. A volume fraction of the plurality of third pores in the second reflective resin layer is about 2%. The first reflective resin layer and the third reflective resin layer substantially do not include any pore structure.
[0156] [0156] After the test, the solar reflectivity R in a wavelength range from 300 nm to 2,500 nm of the composite radiative cooling film was about 94.97% and the infrared emissivity in a wavelength range. of 7 μm to 14 μm of the composite radiative cooling film was about 95.20%. MODE 11
[0157] [0157] A composite radioactive cooling film of modality 11 is substantially the same as that of modality 2, except that the average pore size of the plurality of first pores in the first emissive layer is about 10 μm, the volume fraction of the plurality of first pores in the first emissive layer is about 10%, The ceramic microspheres of about 8% of volume fraction are incorporated in the plurality of first pores, the average pore size of the plurality of second pores in the second emissive layer is about 100 nm, the volume fraction of the plurality of second pores in the second emissive layer is about 8%, and SiO2 particles of about 3% volume fraction are incorporated into the plurality of second pores.
[0158] [0158] After the test, the solar reflectivity R in a wavelength range from 300 nm to 2,500 nm of the composite radiative cooling film was about 92.72% and the infrared emissivity in a wavelength range. from 7 μm to 14 μm of the composite radiative cooling film was about 94.68%. COMPARATIVE MODE 1
[0159] [0159] A composite radiative cooling film includes an emissive layer and a reflective metal layer from top to bottom.
[0160] [0160] A thickness of the emissive layer is about 50 μm. The emissive layer includes a PET polymer and SiO2 particles. An average particle size of the SiO2 particles is about 200 nm. A volume fraction of the additive (SiO2 particles) in the emissive layer is about 20%.
[0161] [0161] A thickness of the reflective metal layer is about 200 nm and the reflective metal layer is an aluminum layer located on the emissive layer.
[0162] [0162] After the test, the solar reflectivity R in a wavelength range from 300 nm to 2,500 nm of the composite radiative cooling film was about 91.93% and the infrared emissivity in a wavelength range. from 7 μm to 14 μm of the composite radiative cooling film was about 83.85%. COMPARATIVE MODE 2
[0163] [0163] A composite radiative cooling film includes an emissive layer and a reflective metal layer from top to bottom.
[0164] [0164] A thickness of the emissive layer is about 150 μm. The emissive layer includes TPX polymer and SiO2 particles. An average particle size of the SiO2 particles is about 20 μm, and a volume fraction of the additive (SiO2 particles) in the emissive layer is about 15%.
[0165] [0165] A thickness of the reflective metal layer is about 250 nm and the reflective metal layer is a silver layer located on the emissive layer.
[0166] [0166] After the test, the solar reflectivity R in a wavelength range of 300 nm to 2,500 nm of the composite radiative cooling film was about 92.39% and the infrared emissivity in a wavelength range. 7 μm to 14 μm of the composite radiative cooling film was about 83.66%. COMPARATIVE MODE 3
[0167] [0167] A composite radiative cooling film includes an emissive layer and a reflective metal layer from top to bottom.
[0168] [0168] An emissive layer thickness is about 50 μm. The emissive layer includes a PET polymer, CaCO3 particles and SiO2 particles. The CaCO3 particles and the SiO2 particles are substantially and evenly dispersed in the PET polymer. An average particle size of the CaCO3 particles is about 500 nm. An average particle size of the SiO2 particles is about 50 μm. A volume fraction of CaCO3 particles in the emissive layer is about 8%. And a volume fraction of SiO2 particles in the emissive layer is about 12%.
[0169] [0169] A thickness of the reflective metal layer is about 250 nm and the reflective metal layer is a silver layer located on the emissive layer.
[0170] [0170] After the test, the solar reflectivity R over a wavelength range from 300 nm to 2,500 nm of the composite radiative cooling film was about 93.07% and the infrared emissivity E over a wavelength range 7 μm to 14 μm of the composite radiative cooling film was about 84.72%. COMPARATIVE MODE 4
[0171] [0171] A composite radiative cooling film includes a second emissive layer, a first emissive layer, and a reflective metal layer from top to bottom.
[0172] [0172] A thickness of the second emissive layer is about 20 μm and the second emissive layer includes a PVDF polymer.
[0173] [0173] A thickness of the first emissive layer is about 5 μm. The first emissive layer includes a TPX polymer and a plurality of first pores. An average pore size of the plurality of first pores is about 5 μm. A volume fraction of the plurality of first pores in the first emissive layer is about 15%.
[0174] [0174] A thickness of the reflective metal layer is about 200 nm and the reflective metal layer is a silver layer located on the first emissive layer.
[0175] [0175] After the test, the solar reflectivity R in a wavelength range from 300 nm to 2,500 nm of the composite radiative cooling film was about 92.78% and the infrared emissivity in a wavelength range. from 7 μm to 14 μm of the composite radiative cooling film was about 91.37%. COMPARATIVE MODE 5
[0176] [0176] A composite radiative cooling film includes a second emissive layer, a first emissive layer, and a reflective metal layer from top to bottom.
[0177] [0177] A thickness of the second emissive layer is about 20 μm. The second emissive layer includes an FEP polymer and a plurality of second pores dispersed in the FEP polymer. An average pore size of the plurality of second pores is about 20 nm. A volume fraction of the plurality of second pores in the second emissive layer is about 3%.
[0178] [0178] A thickness of the first emissive layer is about 5 μm and the first emissive layer includes a TPX polymer.
[0179] [0179] A thickness of the reflective metal layer is about 250 nm and the reflective metal layer is a silver layer located on the first emissive layer.
[0180] [0180] After the test, the solar reflectivity R in a wavelength range from 300 nm to 2,500 nm of the composite radiative cooling film was about 92.81% and the infrared emissivity in a wavelength range. from 7 μm to 14 μm of the composite radiative cooling film was about 90.12%. COMPARATIVE MODE 6
[0181] [0181] A composite radiative cooling film includes a second emissive layer, a first emissive layer, and a reflective metal layer from top to bottom.
[0182] [0182] A thickness of the second emissive layer is about 20 μm and the second emissive layer includes a PMMA polymer.
[0183] [0183] A thickness of the first emissive layer is about 5 μm and the first emissive layer includes a TPX polymer.
[0184] [0184] A thickness of the reflective metal layer is about 250 nm and the reflective metal layer is a silver layer located on the first emissive layer.
[0185] [0185] After the test, the solar reflectivity R in a wavelength range from 300 nm to 2,500 nm of the composite radiative cooling film was about 92.72% and the infrared emissivity in a wavelength range. 7 μm to 14 μm of the composite radiative cooling film was about 90.03%. COMPARATIVE MODE 7
[0186] [0186] A composite radiative cooling film includes an emissive layer and a reflective metal layer from top to bottom.
[0187] [0187] An emissive layer thickness is about 10 μm. The emissive layer includes a PET polymer and a plurality of first pores and a plurality of second pores. The plurality of first pores and the plurality of second pores are dispersed in the PET polymer. An average pore size of the plurality of first pores is about 5 μm. A volume fraction of the plurality of first pores in the PET polymer is about 15%. An average pore size of the plurality of second pores is about 20 nm. A volume fraction of the plurality of second pores is about 3%.
[0188] [0188] A thickness of the reflective metal layer is about 250 nm and the reflective metal layer is a silver layer located on the first emissive layer.
[0189] [0189] After the test, the solar reflectivity R in a range of wavelengths from 300 nm to 2,500 nm of the composite radiative cooling film was about 92.82% and the infrared emissivity in a wavelength range from 7 μm to 14 μm of the composite radiative cooling film was about 90.13%. COMPARATIVE MODE 8
[0190] [0190] A composite radiative cooling film includes a second emissive layer, a first emissive layer, and a reflective metal layer from top to bottom.
[0191] [0191] A thickness of the second emissive layer is about 20 μm. The second emissive layer includes a PVDF polymer and a plurality of second pores dispersed in the PVDF polymer. An average pore size of the plurality of second pores is about 5 μm. A volume fraction of the plurality of second pores in the emissive layer is about 15%.
[0192] [0192] A thickness of the first emissive layer is about 5 μm. The first emissive layer includes a TPX polymer and a plurality of first pores. An average pore size of the plurality of first pores is about 20 nm. A volume fraction of the plurality of first pores in the first emissive layer is about 3%.
[0193] [0193] A thickness of the reflective metal layer is about 250 nm and the reflective metal layer is a silver layer disposed on the first emissive layer.
[0194] [0194] After the test, the solar reflectivity R over a wavelength range of 300 nm to 2,500 nm of the composite radiative cooling film was about 92.78% and the infrared emissivity E over a wavelength range from 7 μm to 14 μm of the composite radiative cooling film was about 87.12%. COMPARATIVE MODE 9
[0195] [0195] A composite radiative cooling film includes a second emissive layer, a first emissive layer, and a reflective metal layer from top to bottom.
[0196] [0196] A thickness of the second emissive layer is about 20 μm. The second emissive layer includes a PMMA polymer and a plurality of second pores dispersed in the PMMA polymer. An average pore size of the plurality of second pores is about 20 nm. A volume fraction of the plurality of second pores in the second emissive layer is about 30%.
[0197] [0197] A thickness of the first emissive layer is 5 μm. The first emissive layer includes a TPX polymer and a plurality of first pores. An average pore size of the plurality of first pores is about 5 μm. A volume fraction of the plurality of first pores in the first emissive layer is about 30%.
[0198] [0198] A thickness of the reflective metal layer is about 250 nm and the reflective metal layer is a silver layer located on the first emissive layer.
[0199] [0199] After the test, the solar reflectivity R over a wavelength range of 300 nm to 2,500 nm of the composite radiative cooling film was about 92.69% and the infrared emissivity E over a wavelength range 7 μm to 14 μm of the composite radiative cooling film was about 89.13%.
[0200] [0200] In order to explain the radiative cooling effect of the emissive layer containing polymers with different functional groups, PVDF and PMMA will be described as follows.
[0201] [0201] In appearance, PMMA is transparent and PVDF is translucent. PMMA includes functional groups of C-H, C = O and C-O, and PVDF includes functional groups of C-H and C-F, which have bending vibrations in the fingerprint region (ie, the atmospheric window). The solar absorbance and infrared emissivity of a PVDF film with a thickness of 100 μm, a PMMA film with a thickness of 100 μm, and a blend film of PVDF-PMMA with a thickness of 100 μm were measured.
[0202] [0202] An average solar absorbance of the PVDF film with a thickness of 100 μm was only about 3.0%. An average solar absorbance of the PMMA film with a thickness of 100 μm was about 5.0%. A solar absorbance of the PVDF-PMMA blend film with a thickness of 100 μm was as high as 10.0%. Since the 100 μm PVDF-PMMA blending film absorbed too much solar radiation, the effect of radiative cooling below room temperature during the day is worse.
[0203] [0203] In the atmospheric window (7 μm to 14 μm), an average emissivity of the PVDF film with a thickness of 100 μm was 93%, and an average emissivity of the PMMA film with a thickness of 100 μm was lower, ie , 91%. The emissivity of the PMMA film with a thickness of 100 μm and the PVDF film with a thickness of 100 μm under various zenith angles were also tested. The experiment showed that an emissivity of the PMMA film with a thickness of 100 μm was significantly lower than that of the PVDF film with a thickness of 100 μm. A difference between the emissivity of the PMMA film and that of the PVDF film was about 5%. For a radiative cooling application, a lower solar absorbance and a higher infrared emissivity in the atmospheric window (7 μm to 14 μm) are important to achieve radiative cooling below room temperature during the day. The PVDF film of the same thickness has a better solar radiative cooling effect than the PMMA film and the PVDF-PMMA blend film due to its lower solar absorbency and higher selective emissivity.
[0204] [0204] Lower solar absorbency requires less film thickness, but higher infrared emission requires a greater film thickness. Polymer films of great thickness, such as PVDF and PMMA, can be possibly ideal infrared emitters / absorbers, while they have a significantly high solar absorbency. Therefore, there will be an ideal thickness or thickness range for better radiative cooling effect during the day. Depending on the type of polymer, there is the ideal thickness or thickness range for the best radiative cooling effect during the day, and the thickness of the film is preferably in a range of 20 μm to 300 μm, and more preferably, 50 μm to 150 μm . In the present disclosure, inorganic fillers, such as glass microspheres, ceramic microspheres, silicon oxide particles, silicon carbide particles, silicon nitride particles, barium sulfate particles, calcium carbonate particles, and the like they can be added to polymers with functional groups and have a high emissivity in the atmosphere window (in a range of wavelengths from 7 μm to 14 μm). Organic loads, such as PET, PBT, PC, PVC, PMMA, PVDF, PTFE, FEP, PDMS, etc. they can be added to polymers with functional groups and also have a high emissivity in the atmosphere window (in a range of wavelengths from 7 μm to 14 μm). When an organic filler that has the same material as the polymer is added to the polymer, the prepared film can be a uniform film or a film that contains the organic filler particles. For example, when an organic charge of PVDF is added to the PVDF polymer, the prepared film can be a uniform PVDF film or a film containing PVDF particles.
[0205] [0205] A PVDF film with a reflective silver layer on the back side and a PMMA film with a reflective silver layer on the back side are respectively applied to water tanks to illustrate the radiative cooling effect of the polymer with different groups functional. MODE 12
[0206] [0206] A water tank made of plastic material has an internal length, width and height of 800 mm, 800 mm, and 80 mm, respectively. A composite radiative cooling film is arranged on an upper surface of the water tank and includes a first emissive layer and a reflective metal layer from top to bottom.
[0207] [0207] A thickness of the first emissive layer is about 100 μm. The first emissive layer includes a first PVDF polymer, a plurality of first pores dispersed in the first polymer, and a first PVDF additive. That is, the first emissive layer is a uniform PVDF film with a plurality of first pores. An average pore size of the plurality of first pores is about 10 μm. A volume fraction of the plurality of first pores in the first emissive layer is about 10%. A size of the first additive is about 10 μm. And a volume fraction of the first additive in the first emissive layer is about 10%.
[0208] [0208] A thickness of the reflective metal layer is about 150 nm and the reflective metal layer is a silver layer located on the first emissive layer.
[0209] [0209] The water tank in this mode is indicated by H, and a temperature measurement point H1 is provided in the center of the water inside the water tank H.
[0210] [0210] After the test, the solar reflectivity R in a wavelength range from 300 nm to 2,500 nm of the composite radiative cooling film was about 92.88% and the infrared emissivity in a wavelength range. of 7 μm to 14 μm of the composite radiative cooling film was about 93.29%. COMPARATIVE MODE 10
[0211] [0211] A water tank of the same material and size as the water tank H is provided. A composite radiative cooling film is placed on an upper surface of the water tank. The composite radiative cooling film of comparative modality 10 is substantially the same as that of composite radiative cooling film of modality 12, except that both the first polymer and the first additive of the first emissive layer are PMMA. That is, the first emissive layer is a uniform PMMA film with a plurality of first pores. The water tank with the composite radiative cooling film is indicated by I, and a temperature measurement point I1 is provided in the center of the water inside the water tank I.
[0212] [0212] After the test, the solar reflectivity R in a range of wavelengths from 300 nm to 2,500 nm of the composite radiative cooling film was about 92.76% and the infrared emissivity E in a range of wavelengths from 7 μm to 14 μm of the composite radiative cooling film was about 92.26%.
[0213] [0213] Figure 6a shows a schematic view of temperature measuring points H1 and I1 in the center of the water in the water tanks H and I. from June 28 to July 4, 2019, in law No. 88 Dongfeng Road, District Fenghua, Ningbo City, changes in the internal temperature measurement points H1 and I1 and a change in the ambient temperature were tested within 7 days. During the period, there were different climatic conditions, such as sunny, cloudy and rainy. The angle of inclination of the water tanks when installed in relation to the horizontal plane was 15 degrees. This installation angle could appropriately reduce the solar irradiance on the board. The test results were shown in Figure 6b-
[0214] [0214] With reference to Figure 6b, the temperature of the temperature measurement point H1 in the water tank H was lower than the ambient temperature and the difference between the two was 13.5 degrees centigrade. The temperature of the temperature measurement point I1 in the water tank H was lower than the ambient temperature and the difference between the two was 12.4 degrees centigrade. The temperatures of the temperature measurement point H1 during the day and at night were lower than those of the temperature measurement point J1. The difference was mainly due to the low solar absorbency of the PVDF film during the day; at night, the PVDF film could reach a lower temperature due to the fact that it had a higher emissivity in the atmospheric window and a higher selectivity than PMMA film. Interestingly, on the night of July 4, at an ambient temperature of 21.6 degrees centigrade, the PVDF film could cause the water to cool to 9.6 degrees centigrade, indicating that the water could be cooled at night and kept in a cooling state during the day, and the use of highly selective emissive materials can be a promising approach to effectively meet the cooling needs of practical applications. Although PVDF and PMMA films have the same thickness, the PVDF film may have better properties for solar reflection, infrared emission, and radiative cooling below room temperature during the day, indicating that polymers with functional CF group may be more suitable for radiative cooling during the day. Although both the PVDF film and the PMMA film are 100 μm thick, the PVDF film has a lower solar absorbency, a higher emissivity in the atmospheric window, and a higher selectivity. Therefore, its cooling performance during the day and at night can be superior to that of PMMA film. If used in a large-scale cooling system, its nuance of polymer cooling performance can cause a significant economic difference in the long run.
[0215] [0215] The composite radiative cooling films of modality 8 and comparative modality 3 were respectively arranged on external surfaces of model spaces that have a spatial length, a width, and a height of 4 m, 3 m, 2.5 m , respectively, which were indicated as model A and model B. Another model space indicated as model C was provided and its outer surface was not treated. Temperature measurement points indicated as temperature measurement points A1, B1, and C1 were defined respectively in the middle of model A, model B, and model C. The temperature in the model space was tested for one day, and the test results were shown in Figure 5.
[0216] [0216] The above modalities are merely preferential modalities of the present disclosure, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited to that. Any non-substantial changes and substitutions may be made by those skilled in the art based on the present disclosure and within the scope of the present disclosure.

权利要求:
Claims (17)
[0001]
Composite radiative cooling film, characterized by comprising a top layer and a reflective layer disposed below the top layer, with a top layer material comprising at least one polymer, the at least one polymer has an emissivity that is greater or equal to 80% in a wavelength range from 7 μm to 14 μm; the top layer comprises a first emissive layer adjacent to the reflective layer and a second emissive layer distant from the reflective layer, a material of the first emissive layer comprises a first polymer, the first emissive layer further comprises a plurality of first pores, the plurality of first pore is distributed in the first emissive layer, a material of the second emissive layer comprises a second polymer, the second emissive layer additionally comprises a plurality of second pores, the plurality of second pores is distributed in the second emissive layer, a pore size of the plurality of first pores are in a range of 1 μm to 20 μm, and a pore size of the plurality of second pores is in a range of 1 nm to 200 nm.
[0002]
Composite radioactive cooling film according to claim 1, characterized in that a volume fraction of the plurality of first pores is in a range of 1% to 20%, and a fraction of volume of the plurality of second pores in the second emissive layer be in a range of 1% to 20%.
[0003]
Composite radiative cooling film according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first emissive layer additionally comprises a first additive incorporated in at least part of the plurality of first pores; and / or the second emissive layer further comprises a second additive incorporated in at least part of the plurality of second pores; the particle size of the first additive is in the range of 1 μm to 20 μm; and / or a particle size of the second additive is in the range of 1 nm to 200 nm.
[0004]
Composite radiative cooling film according to claim 3, characterized in that a fraction of volume of the first additive in the first emissive layer is in a range of 0 to 20%, and a fraction of volume of the second additive in the second emissive layer is in a range of 0 to 20%; the first additive and the second additive respectively comprising an inorganic filler comprising glass microspheres, ceramic microspheres, silicon oxide particles, silicon carbide particles, silicon nitride particles, barium sulfate particles, particles of calcium carbonate, or a combination thereof; and / or the first additive and the second additive respectively comprise an organic filler comprising a polymer containing a functional CO group, a polymer containing a functional C-Cl group, a polymer containing a functional CF group, a polymer containing a CN group functional, a polymer that contains a functional C-Si group, a polymer that contains a functional Si-O group, or a combination thereof.
[0005]
Composite radioactive cooling film according to claim 4, characterized in that the organic filler comprises polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, polyvinyl chloride, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinylidene fluoride, teflon, prolip fluorinated, polydimethylsiloxane, polyurethane or a combination thereof.
[0006]
Composite radiative cooling film according to claim 3, characterized in that the first additive and the second additive respectively comprise an organic filler comprising poly-4-methyl-pentene, poly-4-methyl-1-pentene, polyethylene, polypropylene , polystyrene, or a combination thereof.
[0007]
Composite radioactive cooling film according to claim 1, characterized in that the first polymer comprises poly-4-methyl-pentene, poly-4-methyl-1-pentene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, or a combination thereof, and the second polymer comprises acrylic resin, polyurethane resin, fluorine resin, or a combination thereof.
[0008]
Composite radiative cooling film according to claim 1, characterized in that the first polymer comprises a polymer containing a functional CO group, a polymer containing a functional C-Cl group, a polymer containing a functional CF group, a polymer containing a functional CN group, a polymer containing a functional C-Si group, a polymer containing a functional Si-O group or a combination thereof.
[0009]
Composite radiative cooling film according to claim 8, characterized in that the first polymer comprises polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, polyvinyl chloride, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinylidene fluoride, ethylene teflon, prolip fluorinated, polydimethylsiloxane, polyurethane or a combination thereof.
[0010]
Composite radioactive cooling film according to claim 1, characterized in that a plurality of convex portions are distributed on a lateral surface of the second emissive layer away from the first emissive layer; being that a height of the plurality of convex portions is in a range of 1 μm to 100 μm; a thickness of the first emissive layer is in a range of 10 μm to 300 μm, and a thickness of the second emissive layer is in a range of 5 μm to 150 μm.
[0011]
Composite radiative cooling film according to claim 1, characterized in that the reflective layer comprises a reflective metal layer, and a material of the reflective metal layer comprises gold, silver, aluminum, copper, zinc or a combination thereof.
[0012]
Composite radiative cooling film according to claim 11, characterized in that the reflective metal layer comprises a first reflective metal layer adjacent to the top layer and a second reflective metal layer distant from the top layer, a material of which first reflective metal layer is the same or different from that of the second reflective metal layer, a thickness of the first reflective metal layer is in the range of 5 nm to 200 nm, and a thickness of the second reflective metal layer is in the range of 5 nm to 200 nm; the reflective metal layer further comprises an intermediate layer disposed between the first reflective metal layer and the second reflective metal layer.
[0013]
Composite radiative cooling film according to claim 1, characterized by the reflective layer comprises a reflective resin layer and the reflective resin layer comprises a plurality of third pores; a pore size of the plurality of third pores being in the range of 0.2 μm to 20 μm; a thickness of the reflective resin layer is in the range of 25 μm to 300 μm; a material of the reflective resin layer comprises poly-4-methyl-pentene, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polybetylene naphthalate, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene copolymer, polystyrene, polypropylene, polycarbonate or a combination thereof.
[0014]
Composite radiative cooling film according to claim 13, characterized in that the reflective resin layer comprises a first reflective resin layer, a second reflective resin layer, and a third reflective resin layer which are sequentially arranged, and the plurality third-party pores to be distributed in the second reflective resin layer; a fraction of the volume of the plurality of third pores in the second reflective resin layer is in the range of 2% to 30%.
[0015]
Composite radiative cooling film according to claim 1, characterized in that the reflective layer comprises a reflective metal layer adjacent to the top layer and a reflective resin layer away from the top layer.
[0016]
Composite radiative cooling film assembly characterized by being formed by the composite radiative cooling film according to any one of claims 1 to 15, and by a substrate, the reflective layer of the composite radiative cooling film being arranged on a surface the substrate; the substrate comprising metal, plastic, rubber, asphalt, a waterproof material, concrete, cement, textile product, woven cloth, wood, ceramic tile, glass product, an organic synthetic material or a combination thereof .
[0017]
Use of the composite radiative cooling film according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that it comprises: arranging the composite radiative cooling film in a heat dissipating body; and thermally communicate the composite radiative cooling film with the heat dissipating body.

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JP2021529680A|2021-11-04|

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CN110216924A|2019-09-10|

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法律状态:
2020-12-08| B03A| Publication of a patent application or of a certificate of addition of invention [chapter 3.1 patent gazette]|

优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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CN201910468709.7|2019-05-31|

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CN201910468709.7A|CN110216924B|2019-05-31|2019-05-31|Composite radiation refrigeration film|

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